what is C++

 welcome to the library         

C++ language 

C++ introduction 

• C++ is a computer programming language . this C++ language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension  of the c language  at  AT&T bell laboratories in the late 1970s and early 1980s              
• C++ is a cross - platform language that can be used to create high performance applications               
•  C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory                               
• The language was updated 5 major times in  2011,2014,2017,2020 and 2023 to C++ 11 ,C++ 14 , C++ 17 ,  C++ 20 , C++ 23.

 Importance of C++ language 

• C++ is one of the world`s most popular programming language                                                        
• C++ can be found in today operating system graphical user interfaces and embedded systems            
• C++ is an object - oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused , lowering development costs                                                                      
• C++ is portable and can be used to develop application that can be adapted multiple platforms       
• C++ is fun and easy to learn                                                                                                                                   

  syntax of C++

(METHOD 1)

#include <iostream>

  using namespace std ;

 int main() {

                Cout <<"hello world";

                return 0;

}

(METHOD 2)

#include <iostream>

int main(){

             std:: Cout <<"hello world ";

  return 0;

}

• cin use for input 
• cout use for output

   

C++ advantages 

1. Performance :

• C++ is a low level language , compiled  language that can produce highly optimized machine code making it one of the fastest programming languages                                                                  
• C++ allows direct memory manipulation which can lead to efficient memory usage and performance                                                                                                                                           

     2. Control and flexibility :

• C++ provides direct access to hardware resources giving developers fine grained control over system components                                                                                                                              
• C++ supports multiple programming paradigms including procedural object - oriented  and generic programming   

     3. Reliability and stability :

• C++ is a compiled language which means that errors can be caught at compile time reducing the likelihood of runtime errors                                                                                                                 
•  C++ is a statically typed language which helps catch type - related errors at compile time   

    4. portability and compatibility :

• C++ code can be compiled on multiple platforms with minimal modifications 
• C++ is compatible with a wide range of operating systems  including windows , macOS and Linux                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                 
• C++ has a large and active community with many resources available for learning and troubleshooting  
• C++ has a wide range of libraries and frameworks that can simplify development and improve productivity 
• C++ has been around for decades and remains a popular choice for many applications ensuring its long term relevance
  

 

disadvantage 

       1. steep learning curve : C++ has a complex syntax and many nuances making it challenging for               beginners  to learn 

       2. error prone : C++ lack of run time checks and its use of pointers can be lead to memory leaks ,             dangling pointers and other errors 

       3. manual memory management : C++ requires manual memory management through pointers               which can be error prone and lead to memory leaks 

       4. memory safety : C++ lack of built in memory safety features can make it vulnerable to memory             related bugs and security vulnerabilities 

       5. buffer overflows : C++ lack of bounds checking can lead to buffer overflows which can be                     exploited by attackers 

       6. security vulnerabilities :  C++ low level nature and lack of built in security features can make it             vulnerable  to security risks 

            over all while C++ offers many advantages its complexity manual memory management and  security  risks  can make it a challenging language to work it a challenging language to work